How important is the battery management system in electric scooters?

How important is the battery management system in electric scooters?

The battery management system (BMS) is extremely important in electric scooters. The following are specific manifestations of its importance:

1. Battery safety protection
Prevent overcharging: BMS can monitor the battery voltage in real time. When the battery voltage reaches the set upper limit, it automatically cuts off the charging circuit to prevent the battery from being damaged due to overcharging, and even causing fire, explosion and other dangers.
Prevent overdischarge: When the battery voltage drops to the set lower limit, the BMS will cut off the discharge circuit to avoid excessive discharge of the battery and extend the battery life. For example, when the lithium battery is over-discharged, the internal chemical substances will be irreversibly damaged, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
Overcurrent protection: During charging or discharging, if the current exceeds the set value, the BMS will quickly cut off the circuit to prevent the battery from being damaged due to overcurrent. For example, when the electric scooter is started or accelerated, the current may increase instantly, and the BMS can effectively protect the battery from large current shocks.
Short circuit protection: Once a circuit short circuit is detected, the BMS will immediately cut off the power supply to prevent safety accidents such as fire caused by short circuit.

2. Extend battery life
Balance management: BMS can balance the charge and discharge of the single cells in the battery pack to ensure that the voltage and power of each battery are consistent. For example, in an electric scooter battery pack with multiple batteries connected in series, BMS uses a balance circuit to discharge the battery with higher voltage and charge the battery with lower voltage, thereby extending the service life of the entire battery pack.
Temperature management: BMS can monitor the battery temperature in real time. When the temperature is too high or too low, it adjusts the temperature through a heat dissipation or heating device to keep the battery within a suitable operating temperature range. For example, in a high temperature environment, BMS can start the cooling fan to reduce the battery temperature and prevent the battery from being damaged by overheating.
Charge and discharge control: BMS intelligently controls the charging and discharging process according to the real-time status of the battery to avoid the battery working under extreme conditions, thereby extending the battery life.

3. Improve the user experience
Accurately display the power: BMS can monitor the battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameters in real time, calculate the remaining power of the battery through a complex algorithm, and accurately display it on the display screen of the electric scooter. Users can plan their trip reasonably according to the remaining power to avoid being unable to reach their destination due to insufficient power.
Optimize charging and discharging speed: BMS can dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current according to the status of the battery to achieve fast charging and efficient discharging. For example, when the battery power is low, BMS can increase the charging current and shorten the charging time; when the electric scooter is running at high speed, BMS can optimize the discharge current and improve the power output.

4. Data monitoring and analysis
Real-time monitoring: BMS can collect data such as battery voltage, current, temperature, etc. in real time, and transmit it to the user's mobile phone or computer through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or CAN bus. Users can check the status of the battery at any time and find potential problems in time.
Data analysis: BMS can analyze the collected data and generate a battery usage report to help users understand the health status and usage habits of the battery. For example, by analyzing data such as the number of charges and the depth of discharge, users can better manage the battery and extend its service life.

5. Comply with regulatory requirements
Safety standards: Many countries and regions have strict requirements for the battery safety of electric scooters. The existence of BMS can ensure that the battery of the electric scooter meets relevant safety standards, such as overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, short-circuit protection, etc.
Certification requirements: Some electric scooters need to pass specific safety certifications, such as CE certification, UL certification, etc. BMS is an important part of achieving these certifications, and it is difficult for electric scooters without BMS to pass these certifications.

Summary
The battery management system (BMS) plays a vital role in electric scooters. It can not only effectively protect the battery and extend the battery life, but also improve the user experience and ensure the safe operation of the electric scooter. Therefore, it is essential for electric scooters to be equipped with high-quality BMS.